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Original sin, also called ancestral sin,〔Examples: * (Alexander Golitzin, ''On the Mystical Life'' ) by Saint Symeon (St Vladimir's Seminary Press 1995 ISBN 978-0-88141-144-7), p.119 * (Adam L. Tate, ''Conservatism and Southern Intellectuals, 1789–1861'' ) (University of Missouri Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-8262-1567-3), p. 190 * (Marcelle Bartolo-Abel, ''God's Gift to Humanity'' ) (Apostolate–The Divine Heart 2011 ISBN 978-0-9833480-1-6), p. 32 * (Ann Hassan, ''Annotations to Geoffrey Hill's Speech! Speech!'' ) (Punctum Books 2012 ISBN 978-1-4681-2984-7, p. 62 〕 is the Christian doctrine of humanity's state of sin resulting from the fall of man, namely the sin of consuming from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, stemming from Adam's rebellion in Eden. This condition has been characterized in many ways, ranging from something as insignificant as a slight deficiency, or a tendency toward sin yet without collective guilt, referred to as a "sin nature", to something as drastic as total depravity or automatic guilt of all humans through collective guilt. The concept of original sin was first alluded to in the 2nd century by Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons in his controversy with certain dualist Gnostics. Other church fathers such as Augustine also developed the doctrine, seeing it as based on the New Testament teaching of Paul the Apostle ( and ) and the Old Testament verse of .〔Peter Nathan - (The Original View of Original Sin ) - Retrieved 14 October 2013.〕〔Phil Porvaznik - (Original Sin Explained and Defended ) Evangelical Catholic Apologetics - Retrieved 14 October 2013.〕〔(Preamble and Articles of Faith ) - V. Sin, Original and Personal - Church of the Nazarene. Retrieved 13 October 2013.〕〔(Are Babies Born with Sin? ) - Topical Bible Studies. Retrieved 13 October 2013.〕〔(Original Sin ) - Psalm 51:5 - Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 13 October 2013.〕 Tertullian, Cyprian, Ambrose and Ambrosiaster considered that humanity shares in Adam's sin, transmitted by human generation. Augustine's formulation of original sin was popular among Protestant reformers, such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, who equated original sin with concupiscence, affirming that it persisted even after baptism and completely destroyed freedom. The Jansenist movement, which the Catholic Church declared to be heretical, also maintained that original sin destroyed freedom of will.〔("Jansenius and Jansenism" in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' )〕 ==In Judaism== Jewish theologians are divided in regard to the cause of what is called "original sin". Some teach that it was due to Adam's yielding to temptation in eating of the forbidden fruit and has been inherited by his descendants; the majority of chazalic opinions, however, do not hold Adam responsible for the sins of humanity,〔(SIN: ) – Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 12 July 2013.〕 teaching that, in Genesis 8:21 and 6:5-8, God recognized that Adam did not willfully sin. However, Adam is recognized by some as having brought death into the world by his disobedience. Because of his sin, his descendants will live a mortal life, which will end in death of their bodies. The doctrine of "inherited sin" is not found in most of mainstream Judaism. Although some in Orthodox Judaism place blame on Adam for overall corruption of the world, and though there were some Jewish teachers in Talmudic times who believed that death was a punishment brought upon humanity on account of Adam's sin, that is not the dominant view in most of Judaism today. Modern Judaism generally teaches that humans are born sin-free and untainted, and choose to sin later and bring suffering to themselves.〔(Judaism’s Rejection Of Original Sin ) – Kolatch, Alfred J., The Jewish Book of Why/The Second Jewish Book of Why. NY: Jonathan David Publishers, 1989.〕〔(Judaism's Rejection Of Original Sin ) While there were some Jewish teachers in Talmudic times who believed that death was a punishment brought upon humanity on account of Adam's sin, the dominant view was that man sins because he is not a perfect being, and not, as Christianity teaches, because he is inherently sinful.〕 The concept of inherited sin is also not found in any real form in Islam.〔http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/beliefs/human.htm/〕〔http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/beliefs/human.htm〕 Some interpretations of original sin are rejected by other Christian theologies. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「original sin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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